Music therapy has emerged as one of the most powerful non-pharmacological interventions for people living with dementia. Even as other cognitive abilities decline, the capacity to engage with music often remains remarkably intact.
Why Music Works for Dementia
The Science of Musical Memory
Musical memories are stored differently in the brain than other types of memories. They involve:Multiple brain regions working togetherDeep emotional connectionsProcedural memory systems that remain relatively preservedThe limbic system, which processes emotions and is less affected by dementia
This means that even people in advanced stages of dementia can often:Recognize familiar songsSing lyrics they haven’t spoken in yearsMove to rhythmsShow emotional responses to music
Key Benefits
Memory Recall and Stimulation
Familiar music acts as a key that unlocks memories:Songs from youth trigger autobiographical memoriesMusical cues help with word retrievalMelodies provide structure for remembering sequencesEmotional associations with music remain strong
Reduced Agitation and Anxiety
Music therapy interventions have been shown to:Decrease challenging behaviorsReduce the need for psychotropic medicationsLower anxiety and stress levelsCreate a calming, familiar environment
Maintained Connection
Perhaps most importantly, music helps maintain the person’s sense of self and connection with others:Enables communication when words failProvides opportunities for meaningful interaction with familySupports dignity and personhoodCreates moments of joy and engagement
Practical Applications
Individual Sessions
One-on-one music therapy might include:Singing favorite songs from the person’s youthPlaying familiar instrumentsMusical reminiscence activitiesRelaxation through receptive music listening
Group Programs
Group music therapy offers:Social engagement and connectionStructured musical activitiesOpportunities for contribution and participationA sense of community and belonging
Family Involvement
Music therapy can help families:Find new ways to communicate and connectShare meaningful experiencesReduce caregiver stressCreate positive memories together
Evidence-Based Practice
Research consistently demonstrates that music therapy:Improves quality of lifeReduces behavioral and psychological symptomsSupports cognitive functionEnhances emotional wellbeingProvides meaningful engagement
At Flinders Stokes Music Therapy, we create personalized music therapy programs that honor each person’s unique musical history and preferences, helping them maintain connection, dignity, and joy throughout their dementia journey.
References
1. Särkämö, T., et al. (2014). Cognitive, emotional, and social benefits of regular musical activities in early dementia: Randomized controlled study. *The Gerontologist*, 54(4), 634-650.
2. van der Steen, J. T., et al. (2018). Music-based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia. *Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews*, 7, CD003477.
3. Gómez Gallego, M., & Gómez García, J. (2017). Music therapy and Alzheimer’s disease: Cognitive, psychological, and behavioural effects. *Neurología*, 32(5), 300-308.
4. Baird, A., & Samson, S. (2015). Music and dementia. *Progress in Brain Research*, 217, 207-235.
5. McDermott, O., et al. (2013). Psychosocial interventions for people with dementia: A synthesis of systematic reviews. *Aging & Mental Health*, 17(2), 155-167.